Substitutions
There are many substitutions that can be made to fit your dietary needs, whether that be veganism, lactose intolerant, celiac disease, etc. While this information is not original, I feel it is very important to be broadcasted as far as it can go, so that anyone who needs it can find it easier.
Egg substitutes
Banana
1 overripe mashed banana per 1 egg.
Best in quick breads, muffins, and cookies.
Silken tofu
1/4 cup silken tofu per 1 egg.
Best for quick breads, muffins, and pound cakes.
Vegan yogurt
1/4 cup vegan yogurt per 1 egg.
Best in quick breads and muffins.
Ground flaxseed
1 tablespoon ground flax or chia seed with 3 tablespoons water per 1 egg. Let sit for 10 minutes.
Best for cakes and brownies, but really anything. One of the best egg substitutes!
Fruit or Veggie Puree
1/4 cup puree per 1 egg. This will taste like whichever fruit or veggie you use, so use approprately!
Best for quick breads, muffins, cookies.
Chickpea Brine/
Aquafaba
1/4 cup chickpea brine/aquafaba per 1 egg.
Best for meringues, cakes, and cookies.
Cornstarch
2 tablespoons of cornstarch plus 3 tablespoons water per 1 egg.
Best for custards, pies, and cheesecakes.
Applesauce
1/4 cup applesauce plus 1/2 teaspoon baking powder per 1 egg.
Best for brownies, cakes, muffins.
Milk substitutes
Soy/almond/
pea/coconut milk
Equal parts equivalent for cow milk.
Non-dairy milk
+ lemon juice
If you need buttermilk, mix 1 cup unsweetened non-dairy milk with 2 tablespoons lemon juice.
Non-dairy milk
+ apple cider vinegar
If you need buttermilk, mix 1 cup unsweetened non-dairy milk with 2 tablespoons apple cider vinegar.
Water
Equal parts equivalent for cow milk.
For baking, you may lose some texture and firmness, but it will work.
Butter substitutes
For butter, a good thing to remember is you should use a solid for a solid, or a liquid for a liquid.So, if your recipe calls for 1/2 cup melted butter, use 1/2 cup melted coconut oil. If your recipe calls for solid butter, use solid coconut oil.
Vegan butter
Equal parts equivalent for butter.
Earth Balance is a really good brand to use.
Coconut oil
Equal parts equivalent for butter.
Applesauce
Equal parts equivalent for butter.
Olive oil
Equal parts equivalent for butter.
Gluten substitutes
For this section, I have put the product that may need replacing on the left and the replacement on the right!
Flour tortillas
For a substitution for flour tortillas, use corn tortillas or lettuce.
Bread crumbs
Crush up a gluten-free flax or fiber cereal.
Pizza crust
Gluten-free pizza crust or a mashed potato crust.
Pancakes or Waffles
Swap out the flour for cornmeal.
All purpose flour
Chickpea flour, buckwheat flour, almond flour... really any "flour" alternative that does not contain gluten!
Other substitutes
Marshmallows
Vegan marshmallow.
Honey
Maple syrup, brown rice syrup, agave nectar, coconut nectar.
Meat based broth
Vegetable broth, white wine, water with 1 tablespoon olive oil.
Cheese
Vegan cheese, tofu bases.
Heavy cream
Soy milk is the closest match. Vegan yogurt and non-dairy milk also make a good alternative.
Meats
Tofu, vegan meat alternatives like Chick'n or Impossible meat, tempeh, black beans.